Makanika aliyense wawagwiritsa ntchito, koma ambiri sadziwa kuti pali mitundu ingati ya makina ochapira, zida zomwe amapangidwa, komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito moyenera. Kwa zaka zambiri, talandira mafunso ambiri okhudzana ndi makina ochapira, kotero kuti nkhani yaukadaulo yogawana zambiri pazida za Hardware idachedwa.

Posachedwapa taphunzira za luso lopanga zomangira zogwira ntchito kwambiri ndi Automotive Racing Products, Inc. (ARP), kuphimba bwino mtedza ndi ma bolt a mutuwo. Tsopano ndi nthawi yoti mupereke ulemu ku gawo la fastener lomwe nthawi zambiri limatengedwa mopepuka, wochapira wodzichepetsa.

M'ndime zotsatirazi, tikambirana zomwe ma washers ali, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawotchi, zomwe amachita, momwe amapangidwira, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito komanso nthawi yoti azigwiritsa ntchito - ndipo inde, tidzakambirananso ngati ma washers ali otsogolera kapena ayi.

Nthawi zambiri, washer amangokhala mbale yooneka ngati disk, yokhala ndi dzenje pakati. Ngakhale kuti mapangidwewo angamveke ngati achikale, ma washer amapereka ntchito yovuta. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawira katundu wa chomangira cha ulusi, monga bolt kapena kapu.

Zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati ma spacers - kapena nthawi zina - zitha kukhala zovala, zotsekera, kapenanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kugwedezeka - ngati chochapira cha rabara. Mapangidwe opangira makina ochapira amakhala ndi mainchesi akunja omwe ndi akulu kawiri kuposa mainchesi amkati a washer.

Nthawi zambiri zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, ma washers amathanso kupangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena mphira - kutengera ntchito. Pamakina, zolumikizira zolimba zapamwamba zimafunikira mawotchi olimba achitsulo kuti asalowe m'malo a olowa. Izi zimatchedwa Brinelling. Ma indentation ang'onoang'ono awa amatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kutayika kwachangu pa cholumikizira, macheza, kapena kugwedezeka kopitilira muyeso. Pamene vutoli likupitirirabe, mayendedwewa amatha kuthamangira kuvala zina zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthauzidwa ngati kuphulika kapena kuphulika.

Zida zochapira zimathandizanso kuti galvanic corrosion isawonongeke, zomwe zimachitika pamene zitsulo zina zakhudzana. Chitsulo chimodzi chimakhala ngati anode, china ngati cathode. Kuti muchepetse kapena kulepheretsa njirayi kuyambira pachiyambi, chotsuka chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa bolt kapena nati ndi chitsulo chophatikizidwa.

Kuwonjezera pa kugawa mofanana kupanikizika pa gawo lotetezedwa ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wowononga gawolo, ma washers amaperekanso malo osalala a nati kapena bolt. Izi zimapangitsa kuti cholumikizira chomangirira chisathe kumasuka poyerekeza ndi malo omangirira osagwirizana.

Pali ma washer apadera opangidwa kuti apereke chisindikizo, poyambira magetsi, kulumikiza chomangira, kugwira chomangira, kutsekereza, kapena kupereka kukakamiza kwa axial pagulu. Tidzakambirana ma washer apaderawa mwachidule m'mawu omwe ali pansipa.

Tawonanso njira zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito ma washer molakwika ngati gawo lolumikizirana. Pakhala pali zochitika zambiri zomwe zimango zamtengo wamthunzi zagwiritsira ntchito mabawuti kapena mtedza womwe ndi wocheperako m'mimba mwake kwa gawo lomwe akujowina. Muzochitika izi, washer ali ndi mainchesi amkati omwe amafanana ndi bolt, komabe, samalola kuti mutu wa bolt kapena nati udutse mumtunda wa chigawo chomwe chikuphatikizidwa. Izi ndikupempha zovuta ndipo siziyenera kuyesedwa kulikonse pagalimoto yothamanga.

Nthawi zambiri, amakanika amagwiritsa ntchito bawuti yayitali kwambiri, koma yopanda ulusi wokwanira, womwe sulola kuti mgwirizanowo umizidwe. Kuyika ma washer ochepa pa shank ngati spacer mpaka mtedza ukhoza kulimba kuyeneranso kupewedwa. Sankhani kutalika kwa bawuti yoyenera. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma washer molakwika kungayambitse kuwonongeka kapena kuvulala.

Nthawi zambiri, pali mitundu ingapo ya makina ochapira omwe amapangidwa padziko lapansi masiku ano. Zina zimapangidwira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito polumikizira matabwa pomwe zina ndi zopangira mapaipi. Zikafika pazosowa zamagalimoto, katswiri wa R&D wa ARP, Jay Coombes, akutiuza kuti pali mitundu isanu yokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza magalimoto. Pali washer (kapena washer wathyathyathya), washer wa fender, washer wogawanika (kapena wochapira loko), wochapira nyenyezi, ndikuyika wochapira.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti simupeza chowotcha chogawanika muzopereka zazikulu za ARP. "Iwo ndiwothandiza kwambiri ndi zomangira zazing'ono zazing'ono m'malo otsika kwambiri," Coombes adalongosola. ARP imakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri zomangira zothamanga kwambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito pansi pa katundu wapamwamba. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma washer awa omwe amagwira ntchito zinazake, monga washer wamba wokhala ndi ma serrations pansi.

Washer wathyathyathya ndiye mkhalapakati yemwe amakonda pakati pa mutu wa bawuti (kapena nati) ndi chinthu chomwe chikulumikizidwa. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikufalitsa katundu wa chomangira chomangika kuti ateteze kuwonongeka kwa malo olumikizirana. "Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ndi zida za aluminiyamu," akutero Coombes.

Bungwe la American National Standards Institute (ANSI) lapereka miyeso yogwiritsidwa ntchito wamba, ma washer osavuta omwe amayitanitsa mitundu iwiri. Mtundu A umatanthauzidwa ngati washer wokhala ndi kulekerera kwakukulu komwe kulondola sikuli kofunikira. Type B ndi chochapira chathyathyathya chokhala ndi zolimba zolimba pomwe ma diameter akunja amagawidwa kukhala opapatiza, okhazikika, kapena otambalala malinga ndi kukula kwake kwa bawuti (m'mimba mwake wamkati).

Monga tanenera kale, ma washers ndi ovuta kuposa kufotokozera kosavuta kuchokera ku bungwe limodzi. Ndipotu pali angapo. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) imayika m'magulu ochapira osawoneka bwino mu makulidwe azinthu, okhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono mkati ndi kunja poyerekeza ndi momwe bungwe la United States Standards (USS) limatanthauzirira machacha athyathyathya.

Miyezo ya USS ndi miyezo ya ma washers okhala ndi mainchesi. Gulu ili limadziwika ndi washer mkati ndi kunja kwake kuti agwirizane ndi ulusi wolimba kapena wokulirapo. Ma washer a USS nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto. Ndi mabungwe atatu omwe amatchula miyezo itatu yosiyana ya ochapira, momveka bwino, ma washers ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe maonekedwe ake ophweka angapangire aliyense kukhulupirira.

Malinga ndi ARP's Coombes, "Kukula ndi mtundu wake wachayo uyenera kuganiziridwa bwino. Iyenera kukhala ndi makulidwe ndi kukula kokwanira kuti igawire katunduyo moyenera. ” Coombes akuwonjezera kuti, "Ndikofunikiranso kwambiri kuti chochapiracho chikhale chofanana komanso chosalala bwino pamapulogalamu ofunikira omwe ali ndi torque yayikulu. Chilichonse chingayambitse kusanja kutsitsa. ”

Awa ndi ma washer omwe ali ndi mainchesi akulu kwambiri akunja molingana ndi bowo lake lapakati. Amapangidwanso kuti agawire mphamvu yoletsa, koma chifukwa cha kukula kwake, katunduyo amafalitsidwa kudera lalikulu. Kwa zaka zambiri, makina ochapirawa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kumangirira ma fender ku magalimoto, motero amatchedwa dzina. Fender washers akhoza kukhala ndi mainchesi okulirapo akunja, koma amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zoonda kwambiri.

Ma washers ogawanika ali ndi kusinthasintha kwa axial ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asamasulidwe chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Chithunzi kuchokera www.amazon.com.

Ma washers ogawanika, omwe amatchedwanso ma spring kapena ma washers otsekera, amakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwa axial. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kumasuka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Lingaliro la ma washers ogawanika ndi losavuta: Zimakhala ngati kasupe kuyika mphamvu pa chinthu chomwe chimamangirizidwa ndi mutu wa bolt kapena nati.

ARP sipanga ma wacha awa chifukwa zomangira zambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu injini, drivetrain, chassis, ndi kuyimitsidwa zimamizidwa kumtundu wina wa torque, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokhomerera yoyenera. Palibe mwayi woti cholumikizira chimasulidwe popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chida.

Mainjiniya ambiri amavomereza kuti chochapira cha masika - chikawotchedwa kuti chikhale chokwera kwambiri - chidzatambasuka mpaka pamlingo wina. Izi zikachitika, washer wogawanika amataya mphamvu zake ndipo akhoza kusokoneza kuyika kolondola kophatikizana.

Ochapira nyenyezi ali ndi ma serare omwe amapitilira mkati kapena kunja kuti alumikizike pansi kuti chomangira chitha kumasuka. Chithunzi kuchokera www.amazon.com.

Ochapira nyenyezi amagwira ntchito yofanana ndi makina ochapira. Amapangidwa kuti ateteze chomangira kuti chisamasuke. Awa ndi ma washer okhala ndi ma serrations omwe amapitilira mozungulira (mkati kapena kunja) kuti aluma pamwamba pa chigawocho. Mwa mapangidwe, amayenera "kukumba" kumutu wa bolt / nati ndi gawo lapansi kuti aletse chomangira kuti chisatuluke. Makina ochapira nyenyezi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabawuti ang'onoang'ono ndi zomangira zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zida zamagetsi.

Kupewa kusinthasintha, ndipo potero kusokoneza kulondola kwa katundu, kwapangitsa ARP kupanga machacha apadera omwe ali pansi. Lingaliro ndiloti iwo agwire chinthu chomwe chikuphatikizidwa ndikupereka nsanja yokhazikika.

Chapa china chapadera chopangidwa ndi ARP ndi chochapira chamtundu woyika. Amapangidwa kuti ateteze pamwamba pa mabowo kuti asagwere kapena kugwa kwa dzenje. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo mitu ya silinda, zigawo za chassis, ndi malo ena ovala apamwamba omwe amafunikira makina ochapira.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mafuta odzola amatenga gawo lalikulu pakuyikatu kolondola. Kuphatikiza pa kuyika mafuta pa ulusi wa chomangira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika pang'ono pansi pamutu wa bawuti (kapena nati) kapena pamwamba pa chochapira. Osapaka mafuta pansi pa washer (pokhapokha ngati malangizo oyika anena mwanjira ina) popeza simukufuna kuti izizungulira.

Kusamala kugwiritsa ntchito makina ochapira moyenera ndi mafuta ndi chinthu chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa ndi magulu onse amtundu.

Pangani kalata yanu yamakalata ndi zomwe mumakonda kuchokera ku Chevy Hardcore, molunjika kubokosi lanu, KWAULERE!

Tikutumizirani zolemba, nkhani, nkhani zamagalimoto, ndi makanema osangalatsa a Chevy Hardcore sabata iliyonse.

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