Makanika aliyense wagwiritsa ntchito makinawa, koma ambiri sadziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makinawa, zipangizo zomwe amapangira, komanso momwe angawagwiritsire ntchito moyenera. Kwa zaka zambiri, talandira mafunso ambiri okhudza makinawa, kotero nkhani yaukadaulo yogawana zambiri za zida izi yachedwa.

Posachedwapa takambirana za luso lopanga zomangira zogwira ntchito bwino ndi Automotive Racing Products, Inc. (ARP), zomwe zimaphimba bwino mfundo za nkhaniyi. Tsopano ndi nthawi yoti tilemekeze gawo la zomangira lomwe nthawi zambiri limaonedwa ngati losafunika kwenikweni, chotsukira chonyowa.

M'ndime zotsatirazi, tikambirana za mawaya ochapira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawaya, zomwe amachita, momwe amapangidwira, komwe angawagwiritse ntchito komanso nthawi yoti agwiritsidwe ntchito - ndipo inde, tidzakambirananso ngati mawaya ochapira ndi olunjika kapena ayi.

Kawirikawiri, makina ochapira ndi mbale yooneka ngati diski, yofanana ndi wafer yokhala ndi dzenje pakati. Ngakhale kuti kapangidwe kake kangamveke ngati kachikale, makina ochapira kwenikweni amakhala ndi ntchito yovuta. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa katundu wa chomangira cha ulusi, monga bolt kapena cap screw.

Zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati zopatulira - kapena nthawi zina - zitha kukhala chopatulira, chotseka, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kugwedezeka - monga chotsukira cha rabara. Kapangidwe ka chotsukira chachikulu chimakhala ndi mainchesi akunja omwe ndi akulu kawiri kuposa mainchesi amkati a chotsukira.

Kawirikawiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo, ma washer amathanso kupangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena rabala — kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Mu makina, ma bolts apamwamba kwambiri amafunika ma washers olimba achitsulo kuti apewe kupindika kwa malo olumikizirana. Izi zimatchedwa Brinelling. Kupindika pang'ono kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa kutayika kwa katundu woyambirira pa chomangira, kugwedezeka, kapena kugwedezeka kwambiri. Pamene vutoli likupitirira, mayendedwe awa amatha kufulumira kukhala kuwonongeka kwina komwe nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa kuphulika kapena kukwiya.

Ma washers amathandizanso kupewa dzimbiri la galvanic, vuto lomwe limakhalapo pamene zitsulo zina zikumana. Chitsulo chimodzi chimagwira ntchito ngati anode, ndipo china ngati cathode. Kuti muchepetse kapena kuletsa izi kuyambira pachiyambi, makina ochapira amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa bolt kapena nati ndi chitsulocho chikugwirizana.

Kuwonjezera pa kugawa mphamvu mofanana pa gawo lomwe likumangidwa bwino ndikuchepetsa mwayi woti lingawononge gawolo, ma washer amaperekanso malo osalala a nati kapena bolt. Izi zimapangitsa kuti cholumikizira chomangiriridwacho chisamasuke poyerekeza ndi malo omangira osalingana.

Pali makina ochapira apadera opangidwa kuti azipereka chisindikizo, malo oyambira magetsi, kulumikiza chomangira, kugwira chomangira, kuteteza, kapena kupereka mphamvu ya axial ku cholumikizira. Tikambirana mwachidule za makina ochapira apaderawa m'nkhani yomwe ili pansipa.

Tawonanso njira zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito ma washers molakwika ngati gawo la cholumikizira chomangiriridwa. Pakhala nthawi zambiri pomwe makina amitengo yamthunzi agwiritsa ntchito mabolts kapena mtedza womwe ndi waufupi kwambiri poyerekeza ndi gawo lomwe akulumikiza. Muzochitika izi, chotsukira chimakhala ndi mainchesi amkati omwe amakwanira bolt, komabe, sichimalola mutu wa bolt kapena mtedza kudutsa m'bowo la gawo lomwe likulumikizidwa. Izi zikubweretsa mavuto ndipo siziyenera kuyesedwa kulikonse pagalimoto yampikisano.

Kawirikawiri, makanika amagwiritsa ntchito bolt yayitali kwambiri, koma yopanda ulusi wokwanira, zomwe sizimalola kuti cholumikiziracho chikhale cholimba. Kuyika ma washers ochepa pa shank ngati chopatulira mpaka natiyo italimba kuyeneranso kupewedwa. Sankhani kutalika koyenera kwa bolt. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma washers molakwika kungayambitse kuwonongeka kapena kuvulala.

Kawirikawiri, pali mitundu ingapo ya makina ochapira opangidwa padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano. Ena amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo olumikizira matabwa pomwe ena ndi a mapaipi. Ponena za zosowa zamagalimoto, katswiri wa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko wa ARP, Jay Coombes, akutiuza kuti pali mitundu isanu yokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza magalimoto. Pali makina ochapira wamba (kapena makina ochapira athyathyathya), makina ochapira fender, makina ochapira ogawanika (kapena makina ochapira loko), makina ochapira nyenyezi, ndi makina ochapira insert.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, simudzapeza chotsukira chogawanika mu zotsukira zazikulu za ARP. "Ndizothandiza kwambiri ndi zotsukira zazing'ono zokhala ndi mainchesi ochepa," Coombes anafotokoza. ARP imakonda kuyang'ana kwambiri zotsukira zothamanga zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu iyi ya zotsukira zomwe zimagwira ntchito zinazake, monga chotsukira chosavuta chokhala ndi ma serrations pansi pake.

Chotsukira chathyathyathya ndiye cholumikizira chomwe chimakondedwa pakati pa mutu wa bolt (kapena nati) ndi chinthu chomwe chikulumikizidwa. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikufalitsa katundu wa chomangira cholimba kuti chisawononge malo olumikizirana. "Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu," akutero Coombes.

Bungwe la American National Standards Institute (ANSI) lapereka miyezo yogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, makina ochapira opanda zingwe omwe amafuna mitundu iwiri. Mtundu A umatanthauzidwa ngati makina ochapira okhala ndi zolekerera zambiri pomwe kulondola sikofunikira. Mtundu B ndi makina ochapira athyathyathya okhala ndi zolekerera zolimba pomwe mainchesi akunja amagawidwa m'magulu opapatiza, okhazikika, kapena otakata malinga ndi kukula kwa bolt (mkati mwake).

Monga tanenera kale, makina ochapira ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa kufotokozera kosavuta kuchokera ku bungwe limodzi. Ndipotu, pali angapo. Bungwe la Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) limagawa makina ochapira osavuta m'magulu a makulidwe a zinthu, okhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono mkati ndi kunja poyerekeza ndi momwe bungwe la United States Standards (USS) lafotokozera makina ochapira osalala.

Miyezo ya USS ndi miyezo ya makina ochapira okhala ndi mainchesi. Bungweli limafotokoza kukula kwa makina ochapira mkati ndi kunja kuti agwirizane ndi ulusi wolimba kapena waukulu wa bolt. Makina ochapira a USS nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto. Popeza mabungwe atatu amatchula miyezo itatu yosiyana ya makina ochapira wamba, n'zoonekeratu kuti makina ochapira ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe mawonekedwe ake osavuta angapangire aliyense kukhulupirira.

Malinga ndi Coombes wa ARP, “Kukula ndi khalidwe la chotsukiracho liyenera kuganiziridwa bwino. Liyenera kukhala ndi makulidwe okwanira komanso kukula kokwanira kuti ligawire bwino katunduyo.” Coombes akuwonjezera kuti, “Ndikofunikanso kuti chotsukiracho chikhale chosalala bwino komanso chathyathyathya bwino pa ntchito zofunika kwambiri zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. China chilichonse chingayambitse kusayika bwino zinthu.”

Izi ndi ma washer omwe ali ndi mainchesi akuluakulu akunja poyerekeza ndi dzenje lake lapakati. Amapangidwanso kuti agawire mphamvu yolumikizira, koma chifukwa cha kukula kwake, katunduyo amafalikira pamalo akuluakulu. Kwa zaka zambiri, ma washer awa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza ma fender ku magalimoto, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa. Ma washer a fender amatha kukhala ndi mainchesi akulu akunja, koma nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zopyapyala.

Ma washer ogawanika amakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwa axial ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asamasulidwe chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Chithunzi kuchokera ku www.amazon.com.

Ma washer ogawanika, omwe amatchedwanso ma spring kapena lock washers, ali ndi kusinthasintha kwa axial. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisamasulidwe chifukwa cha kugwedezeka. Lingaliro la ma washer ogawanika ndi losavuta: Limagwira ntchito ngati kasupe woyika mphamvu pa chinthu chomwe chikulumikizidwa ndi mutu wa bolt kapena nati.

ARP siipanga makina ochapira awa chifukwa ma fasteners ambiri omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu injini, drivetrain, chassis, ndi suspension amamangiriridwa ku torque spec inayake, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoyenera yomangirira. Palibe mwayi woti fastener imasulidwe popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chida.

Mainjiniya ambiri amavomereza kuti makina ochapira a spring — akamakokedwa bwino kwambiri — amatambasuka pang'ono. Zimenezi zikachitika, makina ochapira ogawanika amataya mphamvu yake ndipo amatha kusokoneza kuyika bwino cholumikizira chomangiriridwacho.

Mawasha a nyenyezi ali ndi ma serrations omwe amatambasuka mkati kapena kunja kuti alume pamwamba pa substrate kuti aletse chomangira kuti chisamasuke. Chithunzi kuchokera ku www.amazon.com.

Mawaya a nyenyezi amagwira ntchito yofanana ndi washer wogawanika. Cholinga chake ndi kuteteza chomangira kuti chisamasuke. Awa ndi mawaya okhala ndi ma serrations omwe amatambasuka mozungulira (mkati kapena kunja) kuti alume pamwamba pa gawolo. Mwa kapangidwe kake, akuyenera "kukumba" ku mutu wa bolt/nati ndi gawo lapansi kuti chomangira chisamasuke. Mawaya a nyenyezi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma bolts ang'onoang'ono ndi zomangira zogwirizana ndi zida zamagetsi.

Kuletsa kuzungulira, motero kusokoneza kulondola kwa kunyamula zinthu musanagwiritse ntchito, kwapangitsa kuti ARP ipange makina apadera ochapira omwe ali ndi serrated pansi. Cholinga chake ndi chakuti agwire chinthu chomwe chikulumikizidwa ndikupereka nsanja yokhazikika.

Chotsukira china chapadera chopangidwa ndi ARP ndi chotsukira cha mtundu wa insert. Chimapangidwira kuteteza pamwamba pa mabowo kuti chisagwe kapena pamwamba pa dzenje. Ntchito zambiri zimaphatikizapo mitu ya masilinda, zigawo za chassis, ndi malo ena owonongeka kwambiri omwe amafunikira chotsukira.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kudzola mafuta kumathandiza kwambiri pakuyika mafuta molondola. Kuwonjezera pa kuyika mafuta pa ulusi wa chomangira, tikulimbikitsanso kuyika mafuta pang'ono pansi pa mutu wa bolt (kapena nati) kapena pamwamba pa chotsukira. Musamadzole mafuta pansi pa chotsukira (pokhapokha ngati malangizo oyika akunena zosiyana) chifukwa simukufuna kuti chizungulire.

Kusamala kugwiritsa ntchito makina ochapira ndi mafuta oyenera ndi chinthu chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa ndi magulu onse a mpikisano.

Pangani nkhani zanu zomwe mumakonda ndi zomwe mumakonda kuchokera ku Chevy Hardcore, mwachindunji ku imelo yanu, KWAULERE!

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